![]() A total of 50,965 tons of pulmonary, lachrymatory, and vesicant agents were deployed by both sides of the conflict, including chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas. The first full-scale deployment of deadly chemical warfare agents during World War I, was at the Second Battle of Ypres, on April 22, 1915, when the Germans attacked French, Canadian, and Algerian troops with chlorine gas.ĭeaths were light, though casualties were relatively heavy. Germany used another irritant, xylyl bromide, in artillery shells that were fired in January 1915 at the Russians near the town of Bolimów, nowadays in Poland. One of Germany’s earliest uses of chemical weapons occurred on October 27th, 1914 when shells containing the irritant dianisidine chlorosulfonate were fired at British troops near Neuve-Chapelle, France. The French were the first to use chemical weapons during the Great War, using tear gases, ethyl bromoacetate, and chloroacetone. The Hague Declaration of 1899 and the Hague Convention of 1907 forbade the use of “poison or poisonous weapons” in warfare, yet more than 124,000 tons of gas were produced by the end of World War I. The canaries were used to detect poisonous gas, and cats and dogs were trained to hunt rats in the trenches. Horses, donkeys, mules, and camels carried food, water, ammunition, and medical supplies to men at the front, and dogs and pigeons carried messages. However, animals remained a crucial part of the war effort. Horse and camel-mounted troops were used in the desert campaigns throughout the war, but on the Western Front, new weapons like the machine gun made cavalry charges increasingly difficult. ![]() In 1914, both sides had large cavalry forces. For years few knew of the unimaginable suffering of the beasts transported across the Channel to the Western Front. This is the forgotten tragedy of the Great War – a conflict that pitched as many animals into the line of fire as it did humans. Of the million British horses sent overseas to help with the war effort, only 62,000 returned home. Horses were equipped with gas masks over their muzzles and were protected from inhalation of poison gases such as phosgene.Įquine eyes were not affected by lachrymatory agents so that their masks consisted only of specially made nose bags but, unfortunately, these animal’s eyes were vulnerable to the effects of chlorine and vesicatory gases. Horses, mules, dogs, and pigeons were vulnerable to poison gases so that special protection was necessary for them. Many animals were used during World War One. ![]() Here is a collection of pictures of war dogs wearing gas masks against the threat of chemical warfare.Two German soldiers and their mule wearing gas masks in World War One, 1916 In a less formal way, dogs improved morale within the trenches by hunting rats and acting as companions to troops in miserable conditions. Their small size helped them slip over and between trenches to deliver messages, shuttle medical supplies, or lay down communication wires. ![]() Some dogs pulled heavy machine guns on trolleys, others used their keen sense of smell and hearing for sentry and scout work. The Germans used some 30,000 dogs on the Western Front, and the Entente kept around 20,000. Because of the critical combat role played by dogs at the time, they also developed canine gas masks. The devastating effects of these gases accelerated the development of masks, worn to counteract those agents.Īfter the first use of poison gas by German forces in April 1915, the British and American governments sent out a series of quickly designed masks to filter out the toxic gases and keep their soldiers alive. About one million dogs were killed in action in World War I, a conflict that also saw the first large-scale use of chemical weapons. And it wasn’t just human combatants who suffered - many military working animals died from chemical weapons.ĭogs have been used in warfare since ancient times, serving as sentries, messengers, attackers, and even mascots. Soldiers succumbed to the strangling effects of chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas for years as the stalemated armies searched for new ways to defeat each other. This warning cry sent men scrambling for their masks as the poisonous fog enveloped them. There was nothing more terrifying in the trenches than the call of a gas attack - “Gas! Gas!”. Dogs have been used in warfare since ancient times, serving as sentries, messengers, attackers and even mascots. ![]()
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![]() ![]() It covers the 4 most common screw fastener sizes in one tool and has replacable bits. Here's another way to eliminate clutter & weight get a good 4-in-1 screwdriver. ![]() Yes, you will be duplicating screwdrivers and pliers, but each tool roll will weigh 5lbs or less. If need or want to carry both Metric & SAE, use two tool rolls one for each platform. METRIC: 10mm-19mm will generally cover the waterfront SAE: 3/8" - 3/4" will generally cover the waterfront Your situation may be different than mine, so I would suggest the following general rules: In my case I can eliminate 11mm, 16mm, and 18mm sockets and wrenches because I never need them. I know the common fastener sizes in each of these vehicles so it's easy for me to eliminate unnecessary sizes. I have one tool roll in each of my vehicles (all Toyota). I prefer tool rolls because they are lighter, easy to carry, and easy to organize. Plus, they are usually hard to keep organized and hard to find the tool you are looking for. They just seem to want to be filled up and heavy as hell. While street shooters who want to prefocus to a certain distance may look askance at us, they should be keen to note that this lens also doesn’t have a distance scale for manually focusing in that manner anyhow.I'm not a fanboy of portable boxes. So it’s not like you can look and manually focus with the camera off anyway. Sure, the camera needs to be powered on to focus the lens, but it’s also a camera with an electronic viewfinder. We found the electric focusing pleasantly responsive, though, and didn’t find it a detriment at all. Autofocus purists might balk at the fact that this Tamron focuses electronically by sending an electric signal to a motor when you turn the focusing ring, rather than using a mechanical helicoid to move the lens elements. The same is true of the darkened corners you might see at the lens’ widest apertures, though some people like this effect, too. If you shoot RAW, it’s easy to correct this in image editing software. But if you enable distortion correction in your Sony camera, the distortion will be fixed for you in your JPEGs. Uncorrected you’ll definitely notice straight lines bending outward (aka barrel distortion) on this lens, which can be a fun effect. That means it’s good for up-close macro shots. The M1:2 designation in the name refers to the fact that the lens has a magnification of 1:2 at its closest focusing distance of 4.3 inches. Either lens is a great choice, and which one to choose ultimately comes down to whether you prefer to eke out a slightly wider view (the Sigma) or want a tiny bit more telephoto reach (the Tamron). And this can be minimized in most image editing software if you don’t enjoy the effect. Both the Sigma and Tamron show some distortion at their widest zoom settings, but nothing egregious. Wirecutter’s lead editor for cameras, Phil Ryan, brings his 24-70mm lens with him whenever he can bring only one zoom with him for the day. ![]() Both are sharp lenses with zoom ranges that cover most of your needs on an average day of shooting, let in enough light to keep shooting even as the sun sets for the day, and can limit your depth of focus at f/2.8 enough to keep your subjects well isolated (visually) from the background. Low-light fans who shoot full frame and are looking for an everyday lens more akin to our upgrade pick for APS-C above should consider either Sigma’s 24-70mm f/2.8 DG DN Art or Tamron’s 28-75mm f/2.8 Di III RXD. If you don’t shoot with a Sony camera but still want to invest in some great starter lenses, take a look at our lens guides for Canon, Nikon, Micro Four Thirds, and Fujifilm bodies. If macro is your thing, start with the Sigma 70mm f/2.8 Art DG Macro. We recommend the Sony E 55-210mm f/4.5-6.3 OSS or Sony FE 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6 G OSS as your telephoto, the Rokinon 12mm f/2.0 NCS CS for a wide-angle option, the Sigma 60mm f/2.8 DN or Sony FE 85mm f/1.8 for portraits, and the Sony E 20mm f/2.8 pancake lens. To take your photography to the next level, you’ll want to begin building your arsenal of lenses. ![]() In addition to our top two picks, we recommend the Sony E 55-210mm f/4.5-6.3 OSS or Sony FE 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6 G OSS as your telephoto, the Rokinon 12mm f/2.0 NCS CS for a wide-angle option, the Sigma 60mm f/2.8 DN or Sony FE 85mm f/1.8 for portraits, and the Sony E 20mm f/2.8 pancake lens. Fast prime lenses (ones that don’t zoom) are recommended for beginners because the lack of zoom forces photographers to get close and better compose their shots. ![]() ![]() Month-to-month percent changes are calculated from unrounded data and are not annualized. For detail, refer to the FAQ " Why does BEA publish estimates at annual rates?" Dollar changes are calculated as the difference between these SAAR values. Monthly and quarterly values are expressed at seasonally-adjusted annual rates (SAAR). Real values are inflation-adjusted estimates-that is, estimates that exclude the effects of price changes.įor more definitions, refer to the Glossary: National Income and Product Accounts. The personal saving rate is personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income.Ĭurrent-dollar estimates are valued in the prices of the period when the transactions occurred-that is, at "market value." Also referred to as "nominal estimates" or as "current-price estimates." Personal saving is personal income less personal outlays and personal current taxes. Personal outlays is the sum of PCE, personal interest payments, and personal current transfer payments. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) is the value of the goods and services purchased by, or on the behalf of, "persons" who reside in the United States. It is equal to personal income less personal current taxes. ![]() It does not include realized or unrealized capital gains or losses.ĭisposable personal income is the income available to persons for spending or saving. It includes income from domestic sources as well as the rest of world. Personal income is the income received by, or on behalf of, all persons from all sources: from participation as laborers in production, from owning a home or business, from the ownership of financial assets, and from government and business in the form of transfers. NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S.For more on BEA's statistics, see BEA's online journal, the Survey of Current Business.Access BEA data by registering for BEA's Data Application Programming Interface (API).Stay informed about BEA developments by reading The BEA Wire, signing up for BEA's email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter Historical time series for these estimates can be accessed in BEA's Interactive Data Application.Detailed information on monthly real PCE spending can be found on Table 2.4.6U. Within services, the leading contributor to the increase was financial services and insurance (led by portfolio management and investment advice services). Within goods, the largest contributors to the increase were motor vehicles and parts (led by new light trucks) and recreational goods and vehicles (led by video, audio, photographic and information processing equipment and media). The increase of 0.4 percent in real PCE in June reflected increases of 0.9 percent in spending on goods and 0.1 percent in spending on services (table 7). Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 4.1 percent from one year ago. Food prices increased 4.6 percent and energy prices decreased 18.9 percent. Prices for goods decreased 0.6 percent and prices for services increased 4.9 percent. Detailed monthly PCE price indexes can be found on on Table 2.4.4U.įrom the same month one year ago, the PCE price index for June increased 3.0 percent (table 11). Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 0.2 percent. Food prices decreased 0.1 percent and energy prices increased 0.6 percent. Prices for goods decreased 0.1 percent and prices for services increased 0.3 percent. Personal saving was $862.4 billion in June and the personal saving rate-personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income-was 4.3 percent (table 1).įrom the preceding month, the PCE price index for June increased 0.2 percent (table 9). Personal outlays, the sum of PCE, personal interest payments, and personal current transfer payments, increased $109.4 billion in June (table 3). Detailed information on monthly PCE spending can be found on Table 2.4.5U. Within goods, the largest contributors to the increase were motor vehicles and parts (led by new light trucks) and gasoline and other energy goods (led by motor vehicle fuels, lubricants, and fluids). Within services, the largest contributors to the increase were financial services and insurance (led by portfolio management and investment advice services), housing and utilities (led by housing), and recreation services. ![]() The $100.4 billion increase in current-dollar PCE in June reflected an increase of $51.2 billion in spending for services and an increase of $49.1 billion in spending for goods (table 3). The increase in current-dollar personal income in June primarily reflected an increase in compensation that was partly offset by a decrease in personal income receipts on assets (table 3). ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() If you work remotely with just a dev team, you are unlikely to see the other facets of the business that either may interest you or could just be good to know e.g. You can surround yourself with senior devs and see how every tier works first hand. These are equally as important as lines of code.įor yourself, from a professional development standpoint, it will stand to you to work in a office even for a year or two. No matter how good you think you are, you have never seen how large scale applications are developed or deployed, even simple things like This is harder remotely and most remote companies run lean. Hiring a junior Dev has a cost to a company as you’ll likely need to review their work and answer their questions. When working remotely, there needs to be an element of trust that you can achieve the task and don’t need much oversight. They are rare and I’d advise against them to be honest. R/mTurk - For discussion and sharing of mTurk tips and tricks, scam alerts, great value HITs etc. Has monthly rewards distributed by its mod. R/hitsworthturkingfor - Users post links to well paying/easy HITS on mturk. R/OnlineESLTeaching/ - A place to discuss the companies, practices and experience of teaching English as a Second Language to students online. R/UHRSwork - A place to talk about and discuss all things related to UHRS. R/beermoney - Ways to earn small amounts of extra money. Your Reddit account must be at least 10 days old and you need to have at least 10 karma. Most likely it's because you have a new account with not enough Karma built up. Posts asking for personalized suggestions for jobs are not allowed, please use the search and posts already available. Posts advertising yourself for hire will be removed without hesitation. Posts/comments relating to adult entertainment are not allowed. When posting work-online opportunities via a text post, provide the details in the post as opposed to asking members to DM for more info. When you post a link to a website with a referral link, include a non-referral link. Make an informative post about a site including dollar/hour income, hours available to work per day and other useful information. You must have at least 10 Karma points to post.Īll potential work should pay at least minimum wage.ĭon't just submit a referral link. These are sites and strategies that will yield the user minimum wage or better and allow them to provide for themselves. This includes random jobs, online employers, remote work, sites that pay you and ways to monetize websites. R/WorkOnline is a place to talk about making an income online. ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() BBC also offers licenses for commercial usage of these samples. ![]() The samples downloaded by this program are BBC copyright and subject to the RemArc License. - This program downloads all 16,000+ sounds from BBC's Sound Effects library, found at.The Sound Effects are BBC copyright, but they may be used for personal, educational or research purposes, as detailed in the license. BBC Sound Effects - Research & Education Space - These 16,016 BBC Sound Effects are made available by the BBC in WAV format to download for use under the terms of the RemArc Licence.It is basically the smallest sound possible to sample and still get the overall feel of the sampled instrument. AKWF - or Adventure Kid Waveforms is a collection of one cycle waveforms to be used within synthesizers or other kinds of sound generators.GameSounds.xyz - Royalty free music and sounds for your games.goldbaby free page - collection of free sample packs.SampleSwap - Professional quality free loops and audio samples for electronic music.FLG allows you to export the loops you make so you can load them into your samplers, sequencers and your favorite music making software. It features a simple 16-steps sequencer and 16 pads with several methods to load Freesound sounds into them. - a tool to create music loops using sound from Freesound.Awave Studio - Audio Converter - Instrument Editor - Music Perfor ££.- Tool for creation, manipulation and maintenance of voice corpora.- Learning Space dedicated to the Art and Analyses of Film Sound Design.Thanks to everyone who submitted their tips and techniques – and if you have any ideas to share, do let us know! ![]() The Guide To Sound Effects - This page contains a number of ideas on how to create various sound effects, and we hope you find it inspiring.r/32kHz - A Hardware Sampling Subreddit.This method of sample playback is to construct a playable instrument, or emulation of another instrument, from a sampler or computer One-shot hits or stabs of non-tempo-based audio, particularly for sound effects. Sample libraries appear in a variety of forms: As a tempo-based musical phrase that can be looped (repeated in tempo with the arrangement), or edited in a cut and paste collage fashion Collections of note-by-note recordings of musical instruments for playback on a digital sampler, known as multi-samples. The sound files are loaded into a sampler-either hardware or software-based-which is then used to create music. - a collection of digital sound recordings, known as samples, for use by composers, arrangers, performers, and producers of music.(music) - the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a sound recording in a different song or piece.See also Sound banks (Soundfonts, etc.), Synthesis#Granular synthesis, Playback ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Optdepends=('datagrip-jre: JetBrains custom Java Runtime (Recommended)' Pkgdesc='Smart SQL Editor and Advanced Database Client Packed Together for Optimum -14,9 +17,26 options=('!strip') Hi, I adapted the package to work also with aarch64 architecture (on my Mac M1 at least). ( java-gcj-compat, jre10, jdk12-openj9-bin, zulu-12-bin, jre6, jre12, server-jre, jdk13-openj9-bin, jdk9-openj9-bin, jdk10, jdk10-openj9-bin, jdk14-openj9-bin, jdk7, jre7, zulu-14-bin, amazon-corretto-15, zulu-embedded-jdk8, sapmachine-jdk-bin, amazon-corretto-16, jdk8-graalvm-bin, jdk16-graalvm-bin, jre8-openjdk-shenandoah, zulu-16-bin, jdk16-adoptopenjdk, jdk16-microsoft-openjdk, jdk11-msopenjdk-bin, jdk18-beta-temurin, jdk8-arm, jre17-jetbrains, liberica-jdk-11-bin, liberica-jdk-11-lite-bin, liberica-jre-11-bin, jre11-jetbrains-imfix, java-openjdk-loom-ea-bin, jdk7-j9-bin, jdk7r1-j9-bin, jdk8-j9-bin, jdk11-j9-bin, jre11-jbr-xdg, jre16-openjdk, jre13-openjdk, jre14-openjdk, jre-bcl, jdk-bcl, amazon-corretto-18, zulu-18-bin, zulu-13-bin, jre15, jre14, jre13, jre16, bishengjdk-17, bishengjre-17, jdk-arm, jdk11-openj9-bin, jdk-openj9-bin, zulu-15-bin, jre-jbr-xdg, jre18-openjdk, jdk18-openj9-bin, jdk-android-studio, amazon-corretto-19-bin, zulu-19-bin, jdk19-graalvm-bin, liberica-jre-11-full-bin, jdk19-graalvm-ee-bin, jdk13-openjdk-bin, zulu-embedded-jdk, jre-openjdk-xdg-bin, jre8-openjdk-xdg, jre17-openjdk-xdg, jre15-openjdk, zulu-embedded-jdk11, jre-openjdk-xdg, liberica-jre-8-full-bin, liberica-jdk-17-full-bin, liberica-jdk-11-full-bin, jdk11-graalvm-bin, jdk18-temurin, jre19-openjdk, jdk-microsoft-openjdk, jdk11-microsoft-openjdk, jre-openj9, jdk11-graalvm-ee-bin, jre8-adoptopenjdk, jdk8, jre8, jre11, jre-jetbrains, zulu-jre-fx-bin, jre17-jetbrains-imfix, jdk11-openjdk-dcevm, jre21-jetbrains-imfix, jre12-openjdk, jdk8-dragonwell-extended, jdk-jetbrains, jdk8-dragonwell-extended-bin, jdk8-dragonwell-standard-bin, jdk11-dragonwell-extended-bin, jdk11-dragonwell-standard-bin, jdk11-jetbrains-bin, jdk8-openj9-bin, jdk17-dragonwell-standard-bin, amazon-corretto-8, amazon-corretto-11, java-openjdk-bin, amazon-corretto-17, amazon-corretto-20-bin, zulu-8-bin, zulu-11-bin, zulu-17-bin, zulu-20-bin, zulu-jdk-fx-bin, jdk11-temurin, jdk17-temurin, jdk-temurin, jdk17-graalvm-ee-bin, jdk20-graalvm-ee-bin, liberica-jdk-8-full-bin, liberica-jdk-full-bin, jdk20-graalvm-bin, jdk17-graalvm-bin, mandrel-bin, jre, jre-lts, jdk17-zulu-prime-bin, jdk8-graalvm-ee-bin, jdk8-aarch64, jdk8-temurin, jre17, jdk17-openj9-bin, jdk17-jetbrains-bin, java-openjdk-ea-bin, jre-openjdk, jre11-openjdk, jre17-openjdk, jre8-openjdk) (optional) – JRE - Required if datagrip-jre is not installed ![]() (optional) – JetBrains custom Java Runtime (Recommended) ( glib2-selinux, glib2-git, glib2-patched-thumbnailer) ![]() ![]() ![]() When there are more than 7 participants, a search tool appears. The Breakout Rooms window will split into two tabs, one listing the open breakout rooms and their participants and the other listing all participants. Click on the number on the right (number of participants in a room) to add others to the room. Delete when the room has not been opened or there are no participants in the room.ģ. Rename the room to be more descriptive if needed.Ģ. The following options are available when you hover over the Room name or the Participant name:ġ. Participants not assigned will also remain in the main room and can be moved into a breakout room at any time. The host and/or co-host will remain in the main room until they initiate joining one of the rooms. If allowing participants to choose their own rooms, they can open the list of rooms and choose which one to join. Participants will be moved to their assigned rooms after confirming the prompt to join the breakout room. Open Options on the bottom left to choose participant actions to join or leave breakout rooms.Ĭlick the Breakout Room icon, then Open All Rooms.Previously created rooms can be reopened using the Recreate button which includes the option to recover pre-assigned rooms.Enter the number of rooms to create and how participants will join a room, then click Create.The Breakout Room icon appears on the meeting toolbar. To delete a Breakout Room, hover over the room name and click the trash icon.Ĭreate/Prepare Breakout Rooms in a Live Meeting.Hover over a participant's name to move them to another room or remove them.Click and drag a participant's email address to change the order.The Breakout Room can be edited before scheduling is complete or edited after the meeting is scheduled. Enter the email to Add participants then Save.Click the + icon to add rooms use the pencil icon to rename a room.Scroll to Meeting Options > Breakout Room pre-assign > Create Rooms.Participants will automatically be placed into the assigned room when the host opens the Breakout Room. To pre-assign participants that are external Zoom users, import a CSV file. Participants must have a Zoom account, and the desktop client installed to be pre-assigned to a breakout room. Pre-assign Participants to a Breakout Room Allow host to view activity statuses of participants in breakout rooms (e.g. ![]()
![]() ![]() As such, the relationship between the doctor and the patient has become more of a partnership with both taking an active role in making joint decisions compared to the older model which was more akin to the relationship between a parent and their child.Ĭlick on the links to find out more about Paternalism and Autonomy in Moral Philosophy:Īlongside this push for greater autonomy for patients, came a new found importance for consent given by patients for accepting medical care to ensure that they fully understand the procedure and what it involved, as well as the possible risks or side effects. However, in the last 60 years or so there has been a shift from this model to one in which the patient has a more active role in determining their healthcare needs and in choosing what treatment options would be best suited to them. ![]() For years in the healthcare profession the doctor-patient relationship was one grounded in paternalism with the patient deferring to their doctor when it came to their health. In recent years, it has become of great relevance to the field of biomedical ethics. These principles, which we shall look at more closely in this post, are autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice.Īutonomy is a vastly complex concept which has implications on a great number of disciplines from politics to moral philosophy. ![]() The four principles of biomedical ethics as outlined by Beauchamp and Childress have become the cornerstones of biomedical ethics in healthcare practice. ![]() ![]() There’s a special scheme for self-employed contractors and sub-contractors working in the construction industry called the Construction Industry Scheme ( CIS).
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